Phobias and Addiction Paper Essay Example for Free

Phobias and Addiction Paper Essay A phobia is a learned bodily response in reference to a difficult life event. Centered in the amygdala portion of the brain which regulates the fight or flight response, a somatic sensation of anxiety occurs in the presence of specific stimuli. The precipitating factor may have been experienced by the person themselves-or may have been experienced secondhand through misfortune that may have occurred to a friend or loved on. In some cases, a phobia may have no discernible cause or may appear irrational-to everyone but the person experiencing it! Phobic reactions or symptoms of anxiety can include: a racing heart, sweaty palms, an upset stomach and a general feeling of unease. Classical conditioning is a response that is triggered by an outside stimulus-or the thought of such stimulus. The perfect example is the Pavlovian response-in which Pavlov would ring a bell before dinnertime and his dogs would salivate. Over time, he extinguished the presence of the food yet kept the ringing of the bell. The dogs still salivated-at the idea of food coming, a basic bodily response to the suggestion of a specific stimulus. This is commonly referred to as a Pavlovian response. Classical conditioning has two components to it-the acquisition stage and the extinction phase. In the acquisition stage, the initial learned response is obtained. For example, in the case of a phobia-a person may break out in a cold sweat presence of crossing a bridge as he drives. In the extinction phase, the bridge may not be present but the memory of it may be present-enough to still cause the phobic reaction. Thus, merely thinking about a stimulus, even when it is extinct, can still bring on the same phobic response. The phobic response, therefore, is strengthened each time it is felt. The stimulus-present or not-extinct or not-become fused together in the persons mind. The phobia sufferer then will go to great lengths to avoid the stimulus at any cost. The phobia then worsens as he avoids facing his fears head on. This is how classical conditioning can increase the intensity of a phobia. Addictions are defined as a persistent behavioral pattern that is marked by physical and/or psychological dependency on someone or something. Addictions became an issue in the treatment milieu when they significantly disrupt the life of the addicted individual. Terminology has become quite complicated. Those individuals from a medical background define addiction from a physiological basis. For example-opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol and nicotine are classical examples of those substances, which cause a physical dependence. On a lesser scale, there are those items that can cause a physiological dependence, as evidenced by changes in the neurotransmitters in the brain-some examples would be over the counter nasal sprays or laxatives. Psychological addictions can be defined within the context of a slippery slope- there are as many addictions as there are specialists to treat them. (Evidence the most recent news of the plethora of celebrities being treated for sex addiction. ) Some examples of area in which psychological addiction may occur include the following-shopping, pornography, eating, exercise and self injury. There is a physiologic reward, however, as the object of the addictive persons attention -akathe reward activates the pleasure enter of the brain-emitting dopamine. Therefore, the addictive behavior is rewarded with a rush of dopamine to the person engaging in the behavior. Operant conditioning is the use of consequences to form or shape a behavior. There are three main components relevant to operant conditioning. First, there is the aspect of reinforcement-this basically applies to a consequence that causes the addictive behavior to occur with greater frequency. An example of this would be as follows- An individual is consumed with shopping. They scour the news every day to find out where the sales will be taking place; they belong to a network of people that trade shopping information relevant to their area of interest. Then the day comes and they make the purchase. This act reinforces their addiction with a momentary high (that is usually short lived. ) Second, the aspect of punishment-a consequence that makes an action occur, less frequently-comes into play. When an addictive urge is felt, and the desired object is taken away (i. e. the punishment) the urge to obtain the desired rush still exists-albeit even stronger. The person then works harder to obtain the drug, the act, and the food-whatever the addiction is. In this way, the operant conditioning aspect of punishment reinforces and addiction. Third, there is the element of extinction. Extinction occurs when there is a lack of consequence following a behavior-good or bad. An individual who is wantonly exhibiting a sexual addiction while in a serious relationship-l et’s take that as an example. Without being caught, there is no consequence. The addictive behavior continues unchecked. It is reinforced. I have exemplified the ways in which operant conditioning can develop and maintain addictive behavior. The difference between classical and operant conditioning is as follows: very succinctly put, classical conditioning forms a relationship between two stimuli-for example, one thinks of/or sees a chocolate cake, the salivary glands begin to work! Operant conditioning forms a relationship between a stimuli and a consequence. You touch the stove while its on, you get burnt. Bet you wont do that again-a relationship is formed on the basis of a negative consequence. Conversely, the consequence can also be positive. Example-you do your homework on time and as assigned, you get a good grade, a positive consequence has occurred, which will (hopefully) shape future behaviors. Extinction is achieved through the gradual phasing out of reward in operant conditioning, while hoping to still achieve the same behavior. Example, one has been rewarded with a good driver award after years of possessing a great driving record. With the extinction of this positive consequence (i. e. no reward)-one would hope that the good driving habits would continue. In classical conditioning, I will present an example-if we ring a bell and cause a dog we have a conditioned stimulus-however if we keep ringing that bell without giving the dog any food (an unconditioned stimulus) eventually the dog will unlearn his conditioned response. Extinction has then occurred. In summation, extinction is operant conditioning relates to the phasing out of consequence in classical conditioning it is the phasing out of response.

Chagall’s Apocalypse in Lilac, Capriccio Essay Example for Free

Chagall’s Apocalypse in Lilac, Capriccio Essay This painting was done by Marc Chagall, a Russian artist. It is a painting of Christ shouting at a Nazi soldier while also witnessing other forms of violence from his view. While He is being crucified, others were hanged, stabbed and crucified like him while an inverted clock falls from the sky. It was a response in the increasing number of casualties from the Holocaust. It was his tribute to the Jewish community. His art pieces, upon reaching the shores of Germany were prohibited by the Nazis by the order of Adolf Hitler himself, just like what happened to other modernist art pieces. (Chipp, 1968) The color scheme is black and white; it means that the artist conveys in the art piece that it is a grim incident which he wanted to record before he passes on. A set of symbols from different elements have been depicted in the art piece. First is the crucifixion of Christ, most of us have acknowledged that Christ is the redeemer of mankind. But here, He was depicted as a powerless man only capable of screaming at a soldier to stop the violence. The next symbol in this art piece is the violence around Christ; it was like the people forgetting that a God or His son exists. The violence goes on, while an inverted clock which spins in the other way, the last symbol, tells us that man is in reverse evolution at that time. We are slaughtering each other like animals for survival. Interpretation The location and the people centered on the art piece impacts me in a way that any other artworks with similar themes do. This is a humanist approach to telling people that â€Å"peace is in our hands. † I could say that after Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People, the next piece a person would want to see is this artwork by Chagall. Comparing the two, the former is looking forward to progress, while the latter is looking forward to a series of regression, symbolized by the inverted clock in the sky. War became the motivation of Chagall in order to create this work. There are many artists who have been affected by war, Chagall was one example. It gave them an intense emotion, an intense desire to break free. Like in war, natural calamities also give artists a certain feeling of sadness. One example of this was Edvard Munch and his work The Scream, which he created during the time when the Krakatoa volcano erupted and claimed many lives. Chagall has been very open about his perspective on the war that is going on in Germany, how the Nazis seized the political power from the Weimar republic, and how it oppressed the Jewish people. He has viewed the society under a time of war. This was his answer, to paint propaganda about how God feels seeing that the race of his likeness is slaying each other. Chagall was also known as a chronicler of biblical events. He was fond of using The Bible as a reference for his works. But in the Apocalypse, he blended real-life events and the ones that happened in the Bible. For art historians, the Apocalypse was a rare Chagall painting. Through the symbols, I have interpreted it as propaganda against the Nazi rule on Germany. Others may interpret the artwork as a continuation of the peoples’ suffering in the time of Christ. Or putting it simply, Christ as the people is at its weakest and can do nothing to stop the violence around him. Though we may have different interpretations on Chagall’s painting, we all share a common view that the people depicted in the painting is suffering. In addition, with the inverted clock may be interpreted by others as a person peeking through history, or the past. It tells the person or the clock that â€Å"this is us in this time of day†. At exactly the same time and the same date, this is what is going on. Social Judgment I believe that moving the art in another setting would be just the same. But there are certain elements that can be replaced like the Nazis; it can be replaced with soldiers who have invaded powerless, poor countries. The violence can be replaced with soldiers who are torturing and killing innocent people who fought for the freedom of their country. These people who they claimed to be smaller than the invasive soldiers have been fighting a war for freedom with and without the use of weapons. Many times the weak and the small were not heard by the powerful. Many times the human rights have been violated. Many people are suffering today with their own wars, combating hunger, homelessness, ignorance and many other deficiencies due to the rights that were withheld from them. Today, the London Jewish Museum bought the painting for $43,000. It was exhibited in the museum in remembrance of the Jews who were killed, persecuted, tortured and subjected to forced labor by the Nazis. The painting fits the The last question is if I like this work. Yes, I do. I give the highest form of adoration in the work. It is because rare are the times that artists have a nationalist or humanist emotion when it comes to painting their work. Chagall belongs to the line of artists who believe that peace can still be achieved. Rare are the artists who used their skills not for commercial purposes, but rather to express what they feel in the current situation of their world. Rare are the chances that a person would see an artist concerned not only about his country but also for the countries of his brothers, especially in these times. Chagall was more than intelligent; he was proven a genius with the creation of his masterpiece. Conclusion Many scholars believe that art does not exist for its own sake. Rather, art has political, ethical, social values. Aesthetics is only a bonus. For a painting like the Apocalypse in Lilac, this also holds true. As long as there are human beings struggling for power, there will always be politics. Chagall was an artist concerned about the welfare of his European brothers. He was a humanist. Seeing the war through his eyes, he got inspired. He gathered his brushes and gave the first few strokes on his work. He was fond of using Biblical figures. For him, Christ was the most fitting of them all, for He is the people. Anyone who betrays the people betrays Him. It was a powerful symbol to convey. The artwork was a critique of the war, its illogic and its costs to the people. He also described the rule of Hitler through the painting, being ungodly and grim to the people who are part of his country. The innocent, being pained by the nooses of death and knives of the soldiers are his descriptions of Hitler’s approach to leadership. Because of this, Hitler banned Chagall and so are other modern artists who conveyed their feelings about Nazi Germany and the people who are not fraternal with the Jews they have forced into labor. Moving the setting of the painting, say in contemporary times, it would be just the same. It won’t change everything because this is exactly how the people feel when they are working under large corporations, when they are giving their maximum output while only earning their minimum wage. Hitler may be gone, but the repercussions that his spiritual successors have done still echo and can still be felt by the people. I recommend a viewing of Chagall’s work, which is timeless because we can still relate to it, we are living in a society like these, and the only difference is that the hierarchy has legal bases for their existence. Liking the painting is not enough like I’ve said. It is recommended to view it again and again and compare our societies with the one depicted in the art. This is to have a clear view of what we are and what we are to expect in the future. References: Chagall, M. , Owen, P. (2003). My Life. Cambridge, Masachussetts: Da Capo Press. Chipp, H. B. (1968). Theories of Modern Art: A Source Book by Artists and Critics. Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. Hopkins, D. (2000). After Modern Art: 1945-2000. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.

Mark Twains Influence on Realism

Mark Twains Influence on Realism Realism brought about events and characters with-in stories that could be easily imagined and related too. The main contributor during the period of realism was Mark Twain with his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain incorporated his own real life experiences into the novels he wrote. Twain expresses many beliefs within society of the time period. Twain accurately and vividly describes settings, places, and emotions. Twains depiction of the morals and events of the main character in the novel are the most important part of how the story incorporates realism. Realism in American Literature was most prominent between the Civil War and the turn of the century. Realism incorporates many aspects of life so the reader is easily able to relate to the characters and events. Social class is very important within this period of writing. The characters are more important than any other aspect of the story, without a well developed and accurate character the story will fall apart. Realism writing does not include any type of poetic vocabulary. The vocabulary used in realism writing is normal speech, terms that people use every day that may not be proper English but a accepted among impersonal conversations. During the time period that this style of writing thrived America was growing and changing as a nation, this provided the perfect habitat for realism writing to flourish (Realism in American Literature). The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a neglected young teenage boy. His name is Huck Finn. His father is a mean drunk. The book begins in St. Peters Missouri where his father and he both live. The book tells about the Huck and Toms adventures in great detail. The novel is told using first person point of view. This viewpoint allows the reader to easily connect with the story because it is told as if the reader was right their interpreting the events himself (Twain). Twain gives the two main characters of the book, Tom and Huck, realistic character traits. Both boys live befriend each other and the longer they are friends the more their friendship grows and develops. The boys portray a nice and sincere attitude, but they use a devious and teenage attitude much more. They both tend to get into trouble like any teenager would (Twain). Twains dialogue throughout the story is common talk. This means the story does not include any poetic writings or anything of that nature. The dialogue is true spoken as if it was just a conversation between to normal people. No overly fancy words are used, just normal well known and common vocabulary. Using common vocabulary within story dialect is a crucial part in allowing the reader to relate to the characters. Mark Twain even tells the reader beforehand within the preface of the book about his dialects: In this book a number of dialects are used, to wit: the Missouri negro dialect; the extremist form of the backwoods Southwestern dialect; the ordinary Pike County dialect; and four modified varieties of this last. The shadings have not been done in a haphazard fashion, or by guesswork; but painstakingly, and with the trustworthy guidance and support of personal familiarity with these several forms of speech (Twain Explanatory). Mark Twains characters are well developed and described. The main character Huck is a thoughtful boy who is very intelligent as far as street smarts go, unfortunately he lacks much of a formal education (Lombardi). Huck is constantly forming his own conclusions about matters going on in the world during his life. An example of his conclusions about important matters in the world is the treatment of black people, Huck feels they are normal humans and should not be treated any differently then himself. This conclusion like many other of Hucks conclusions goes against the grain of society. Tom, Hucks best friend, is basically Hucks other half; whatever Huck lacks in character Tom makes up for. Tom has a wild imagination and is a great thinker. Tom is highly influenced by society, unlike Huck. These influences and the effect they have on Tom encourage Huck is his choice to ignore and disregard the common society thinking and come up with his own conclusions on controversial matters (Byrn e). Mark Twains settings were vividly described. He was able to achieve such accuracy within his description because of past experiences with in his life; most notably his experience as a steamboat pilot. He used a memory of a sunset he had once seen while out on the boat. He describes this sunset in the novel. The vivid description can be seen within just the first several lines of the 1 page description: The first thing to see, looking away over the water, was a kind of dull line that was the woods on tother side; you couldnt make nothing else out; then a pale place in the sky; then more paleness spreading around; then the river softened up away off, and warnt black any more, but gray; you could see little dark spots drifting along ever so far away-trading-scows (Twain 163) Mark Twain clearly influenced the development of realism with his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The book was able to be related to be so many that it became very controversial. When the book first came out in the year 1884 it was not long after in 1885 that the book was banned from the Concord Public Library (Lombardi). Even through the banning of the book in some areas it still reached many people and had a huge impact. Twain paved the road for Realism writing and no other novel will have as much influence on the time period as his did. Works Cited Byrne, William F. Realism, Romanticism, and Politics in Mark Twain. 24 March 2004. 24 December 2009 . Lombardi, Esther. About.com: Classic Literature. 4 December 2009. 14 December 2009 . Realism in American Literature. 14 July 2008. 12 December 2009 . Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Barnes Noble Books, 1885.

The Setting of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay -- Litera

The setting of The Great Gatsby is one of the most influential components of the novel. Perhaps the most significant places in the novel are the West and East Eggs. In the story, the eggs are described by Nick, the narrator, as, â€Å"†¦a pair of enormous eggs, identical in contour and separated only by a courtesy bay† (Fitzgerald 9). However, the appearance of the two eggs is almost all they have in common as Nick point out when he says, â€Å"To the wingless a more arresting phenomenon is their dissimilarity in every particular except shape and size† (Fitzgerald 9). As the story progresses, the dissimilarities between the two eggs begin to emerge, yet there is always a faint, common element among the two. The setting affects the events of the story and the clashing characters according to where the scene takes place, and which area each character is from, influencing the characters’ attitudes, background, and current lifestyle and values. The two main homes that are described in the eggs are Gatsby’s and the Buchanan’s. Gatsby’s house is described as, â€Å"†¦a factual imitation of the Hà ´tel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new†¦ and a marble swimming pool and more than forty acres of lawn and garden† (Fitzgerald 9). Gatsby’s mansion is garish and is used as an attempt to win Daisy’s attention and affection. His home is the site of lavish parties where denizens of both eggs gather. The parties at Gatsby’s house last all night and many come and go, â€Å"†¦like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars† (Fitzgerald 43). Gatsby has dozens of crates of food delivered, caterers, and orchestras for his parties. These parties are not a rare occasion, though; he has them at least ever two weeks or so. Li... ...s among their inhabitants, especially when Nick takes the reader to visit the homes of Jay Gatsby and Tom and Daisy Buchanan. The eggs also serve to represent two contrasting types of wealth: newly gained and inherited. Along with the opposing types of wealth come opposing attitudes, which greatly contribute to the story. All of the factors of the setting of The Great Gatsby affect the events of the story and the characters that make up the story considerably. Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2013. Print. The Setting of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay -- Litera The setting of The Great Gatsby is one of the most influential components of the novel. Perhaps the most significant places in the novel are the West and East Eggs. In the story, the eggs are described by Nick, the narrator, as, â€Å"†¦a pair of enormous eggs, identical in contour and separated only by a courtesy bay† (Fitzgerald 9). However, the appearance of the two eggs is almost all they have in common as Nick point out when he says, â€Å"To the wingless a more arresting phenomenon is their dissimilarity in every particular except shape and size† (Fitzgerald 9). As the story progresses, the dissimilarities between the two eggs begin to emerge, yet there is always a faint, common element among the two. The setting affects the events of the story and the clashing characters according to where the scene takes place, and which area each character is from, influencing the characters’ attitudes, background, and current lifestyle and values. The two main homes that are described in the eggs are Gatsby’s and the Buchanan’s. Gatsby’s house is described as, â€Å"†¦a factual imitation of the Hà ´tel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new†¦ and a marble swimming pool and more than forty acres of lawn and garden† (Fitzgerald 9). Gatsby’s mansion is garish and is used as an attempt to win Daisy’s attention and affection. His home is the site of lavish parties where denizens of both eggs gather. The parties at Gatsby’s house last all night and many come and go, â€Å"†¦like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars† (Fitzgerald 43). Gatsby has dozens of crates of food delivered, caterers, and orchestras for his parties. These parties are not a rare occasion, though; he has them at least ever two weeks or so. Li... ...s among their inhabitants, especially when Nick takes the reader to visit the homes of Jay Gatsby and Tom and Daisy Buchanan. The eggs also serve to represent two contrasting types of wealth: newly gained and inherited. Along with the opposing types of wealth come opposing attitudes, which greatly contribute to the story. All of the factors of the setting of The Great Gatsby affect the events of the story and the characters that make up the story considerably. Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2013. Print.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) :: Exploratory Essays

Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) The controversial topic I decided to choose was Michigan’s plans on preventing the spread of CWD (Chronic Wasting Disease) in the white-tailed deer and elk herds. Many areas throughout the United States have broken out with this deadly disease, like Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Montana, and even the province of Saskatchewan. The problem with CWD originated from Saskatchewan, where captive deer became infected with this disease that affects the nervous system. This disease is very similar to that of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or more commonly referred to as â€Å"Mad Cow Disease†. The disease was spread through international transportation of deer from one farm to the next. CWD spreads very fast and rapidly. It attacks the nervous system making the deer lose an excessive amount of weight, hair, and all vision becomes blurry leaving the deer disoriented. As of right now, Michigan has tested negative in all counties for the Upper and Lowe r Peninsula. So this leads to many controversial issues about baiting deer for hunting season. Sense, saliva can spread the disease, the DNR is trying to stop hunters from baiting deer to prevent this from spreading. Some hunters rely on hunting over bait bile’s, to attract deer to their hunting areas. Michigan has limitations on the amount of bait you can spread at one time. We are only allowed to spread a five-gallon bucket over a 6-foot area. But the DNR has already made plans to make baiting illegal when any state such as Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, or the Canadian province of Ontario, have been infected with CWD [1]. All baiting of deer will be illegal and there will be no more baiting allowed ever. So I feel that the state is doing the right thing to prevent CWD from spreading into the state. Another concern the DNR has is people traveling to other states to hunt and bringing back the animal. The DNR wants to limit the amount of carcasses brought into the state. Michigan Department of Natural Resources officials reminded Michigan hunters headed out-of-state to hunt deer and elk this fall to take common-sense precautions to avoid accidentally bringing Chronic Wasting Disease back to Michigan [2]. The deer can have the disease and also carry it in the feces, urine, saliva, brain, spinal cord, and the meat. So once you have killed the animal, you should take it to a sanitary landfill, or buried deep where no animal can get to it and become infected.

Book Review: Little Girl Lost Essays -- essays research papers

PART A Little Girl Lost is an autobiography of Drew Barrymore co-written with PEOPLE magazine's Todd Gold. Drew Barrymore, a twenty-five year old actress (ET, Never Been Kissed, to-be-released Charlie's Angels) has overcome an addiction, proven herself to be a competent, intelligent woman, and is a major influential role model among today's teenage girls. Her biography begins with her first blockbuster, ET, and her experiences while filming and during post-production, as well as the relationships that were made and have served as basis of support throughout her whole life (Steven Spielberg as her Godfather). From there Drew travels backwards, providing a brief background of her parents, of her role in continuing the Barrymore family legacy within film industry, and then of the Barrymore's tendency to indulge in drugs and alcohol. Drew confronts the tabloids and gossip columns regarding the attention she received at such a young age, acknowledging the belief by many that she was a victim of 'celebrity glamour and fame'. Drew argues that her addiction to mind-altering substances stemmed not from the high profile lifestyle, but from her insecurities as a young girl conquering adolescence. When she was not filming, Drew attempted a normal life by attending a public school, where she was isolated because of her erratic schedules and enormous amounts of public speculation. Unfortunately, Drew longed for a regular life with real friends and a family similar to those of her clas...

Aviation questionnaire Essay

This assessment consists of 30 multiple-choice questions. The questions cover aviation subjects studied for the issue of the commercial pilot’s licence and general aircraft handling. The questions are answered by pointing and clicking the required answer using the mouse. To move to the next question click on the ‘next’ button. To go back to a question click on the ‘previous’ button. To change your answer point and click at another answer. The assessment is not timed. You should expect to take about 20 minutes to answer all the questions. 1)Jet airliners like the 737 or A320 have swept wings. The reason for this sweep back is? To reduce drag at the design cruise mach number.†/> To enable these aricraft to use less space when parking at airport gates.†/> To counter the aerodynamic pitch down effect at high mach numbers.†/> 2)Airbrakes are most effective†/> On the runway immediately after touchdown†/> In the landing configuration [Wheels down / full flap]†/> In a rapid descent from high altitude†/> 3)Some modern airliners are fitted with slotted flaps. The purpose of these slots is to†/ Enable the flaps to be curved into an aerofoil section†/> Re-energise the upper surface airflow to prevent flow separation at high angles of attack†/> Increase the wing area and reduce the wing loading on takeoff and landing†/> 4)Dutch roll at high altitude is prevented in modern airliners by? Fitting full time yaw dampers†/> Automatically decreasing the rudder authority above 250kts IAS†/> Fitting swept up winglets at the wing tips†/> 5)If an airliner is flown faster than its MMo.? The handling characteristics may change above Mmo†/> The drag rise due to compressibility will slow the aircraft down†/> The aircraft must be slowed immediately as any speed in excess of Mmo will overstress the airframe†/> 6)When calculating takeoff performance speeds†/> Vmcg should be greater than V1†³/> Vmcg should be less than or equal to V1†³/> Vmcg must be greater than V1 by 30%†/> 7)On the runway taking off in a strong crosswind from the right a swept wing jet airliner will tend to†/> Yaw (weather vane) to the right†/> Yaw (weather vane) to the left†/> Drift off the centreline downwind†/> 8)Immediately after takeoff in a swept wing airliner such as the 737 the left engine fails. The aircraft will tend to†/> Yaw and roll to the right†/> Yaw right and pitch nose up†/> Yaw left and roll left†/> 9)After landing in rain on a runway promulgated as ‘Slippery when wet’ your aircraft starts to diverge from the runway centreline. What action do you take to stop the drift?†/> Cancel reverse thrust†/> Use full opposite rudder to control the drift†/> Use differential reverse thrust until the nosewheel steering becomes effective†/> 10)After landing on a dry runway which is the most effective retardation device?†/> The airbrakes / spoilers†/> Reverse thrust†/> The antiskid brakes 11) To accelerate from idle to full thrust a typical turbofan engine will take about†/> 4 seconds†/> 8 seconds†/> 12 seconds†/> 12)The use of high pressure bleed air from the compressor for anti-icing will†/> Decrease engine operating temperatures and thrust†/> Increase fuel consumption†/> Have no effect on jet engine performance†/> 13)Engine icing is most likely to occur†/> At any time when the outside air temperature is 1 degrees celsius or below†/> When flying if visible moisture such as rain or fog is present†/> When visible moisture is present and the total air temperature is 10 degrees celsius or below†/> 14)Ice Contamination of the wing upper and lower surface may cause†/ A reduction in stall margins and possible poor lateral control on takeoff†/> A loss of lift and pitch control on the ground†/> An increase in the calculated thrust setting required for takeoff†/> > 15)The symptoms of windshear may include†/> Loss of altitude, airframe buffet, a high rate of descent combined with excessive pitch attitudes†/> A significant change of airspeed, divergence from the required flight path, normal control inputs insufficient to maintain the flight path†/> Loss of airspeed, increasing rate of descent and pre-stall buffet†/> 16)An aircraft flies through the base of an active cumulonimbus cloud. The pilot might expect it to experience†/> A strong updraught only under the cloud base†/> A downdraft followed by an updraught and then another downdraft†/> An updraft followed by a downdraft and then another updraft†/> 17) In calm winter conditions in NW Europe dense fog is cleared most effectively by†/> A change of airmass†/> Solar radiation†/> An increase in wind speed†/> 18)Flying at 33000 feet the aircraft cabin rapidly depressurises. What period of useful consciousness can you expect?†/> About 25 seconds†/> About 50 seconds†/> About 120 seconds†/> 19)When making a visual landing on a runway with a 1 degree slope up you may experience A visual illusion of being high on the required glidepath†/> A visual illusion of being low on the glidepath†/> Neither of these as the visual effect of the runway slope is insignificant†/> 20)In the cruise at high altitude when flying into an area of known turbulence you would†/> Stop the cabin service and fly at the turbulence speed†/> Secure the cabin and cockpit, select turbulence speed and maintain a constant attitude†/> Secure the cabin and cockpit and descent at Mmo / Vmo†/> 21)Approximately how far will a jet airliner travel in still air when descending clean from FL370 to FL70 ?†/> 50 nm / 88 km†/> 75 nm / 132 km†/> 100 nm / 176 km†/> 22)While in a descent under radar control you receive a TCAS resolution advisory (RA). You would†/> Continue with the descent, advise ATC of the RA and look out for other aircraft†/> Continue the descent but turn 90 degrees off the assigned heading and advise ATC†/> â€Å"Manoeuvre following the RA guidance and advise ATC†/> 23)Before starting the final descent on an NDB approach you would†/> Tune the beacon and calculate the required rate of descent†/> Monitor the beacon identification and descend when on the runway heading†/> Ensure that you are within +/- 5 degrees of the inbound QDM†/> 24) At 1700 feet on an ILS approach the GPWS sounds ‘Whoop, whoop, pull up, pull up’. Would you†/> Check the ILS glideslope is within one dot and cross check altitude with the radio altimeter†/> Immediately go around following the standard missed approach procedure, inform ATC†/> Cancel the GPWS, check on the glidepath and increase thrust as a precaution†/> 25)At what distance from the stop end of the runway do the centre line lights change from red/white to red ?†/> 900m†/> 600m†/> 300m†/> 26)Taxyway lighting consists of†/> Green centre line lights with blue edge lighting†/> Green centre line lights with green edge lights on corners†/> White centre line lights with red edge lights on corners†/> 27)While in the holding pattern waiting to land you notice that the total fuel in tanks has fallen below company minimum reserves. What action would you take ?†/> Declare a ‘Fuel emergency’ and set the transponder to 7600†³/> Declare an emergency and request assistance from ATC†/> Advise ATC and your company that you are immediately diverting to your designated alternate†/> 28)In the air a loss of situational awareness is most likely to arise if†/> Both pilots are engaged in programming the FMC†/> The non-handling pilot fails to use airways charts to check the aircraft’s position†/> ATC are talking to one pilot while the other is flying the aircraft manually†/> 29) At 900 feet on a manually flown ILS approach you notice the handling pilot has let the aircraft drop below the glidepath. Would you†/> Verbally warn the handling pilot, monitor the response and look for a correction†/> Verbally warn the handling pilot and take control immediately†/> Verbally warn the handling pilot, increase thrust and lightly cover the controls†/> 30)When dealing with a complex emergency the first officer should†/> Carry out all the captain’s orders without further discussion†/> Carry out only orders that are in accordance with company standard operating procedures†/> Try to discuss with the captain any orders that are unclear or confusing†/> END OF SET 1