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purchase custom General Introduction to the Case exposition The case includes Carol Howes, who is a Warden of the Lakeland Correctional Facility in Michigan as the candidate. Randall Fields who is a detainee at the Lakeland Correctional Facility is the respondent. Randall Fields is condemned to detainment for ten to fifteen years. He is carrying out the punishment under state feelings for criminal sexual direct of an exhaustive round of questioning. As indicated by the appeal side of the case, two sheriffs representatives expelled Randall Fields from his cell without counsel on his Miranda rights. In any case, Fields was educated that he was at freedom to leave on the off chance that he was not ready to proceed with the cross examination. In any case, the respondent didn't leave or request to be accompanied back to the cell. The applicant contends that a splendid line Miranda decide that was applied for this situation gives indicted lawbreakers a bigger number of rights even than customary residents (American Bar Association 12). The applicant further affirms that the Court ought to embrace Miranda setting explicit test particularly where detainees are included and in this manner ought to return the new brilliant line approach of the Sixth Circuit. As indicated by the respondent side of the case, Fields Miranda rights were damaged since he was not properly trained of these rights before the cross examination and expulsion from the prison as is legitimately anticipated. In spite of the fact that he was educated regarding his freedom to leave in the event that he was not ready to proceed with the cross examination, there was quite one to accompany him back to the cell since he was curious about the structure. Randall Fields had no other option however to sit and proceed with the cross examination since there was nobody to accompany him back to the cell. Accordingly, while he was at freedom to leave, this was not sure beyond a shadow of a doubt. This is in opposition to the arrangements of the Fifth Amendment law that ensures the utilization of the brilliant line test comparable to cases including custodial cross examinations (American Bar Association 18). The Supreme Court law likewise requires that Miranda rights be given to a prisoner expelled from jail populace for cross examination outside the jail and where the officials included are unaffiliated with the jail (American Bar Association 18). The case requires the Supreme Court to decide the materialness of Miranda rights rules and whether Fields was qualified for these rights during his cross examination away from the general jail populace. It additionally includes assurance of whether the Fifth Amendment law totally applies where custodial cross examinations are included (American Bar Association 12). The Supreme Court is in this way to decide if, in accordance with the Fifth Amendment law and the brilliant line Miranda standard, Fields rights were really disregarded during the cross examination away from the jail populace. Ideological issues in the Case The liberal side of this case would bolster Fields on grounds that he was not educated regarding his Miranda rights even as he was being expelled from the general jail populace for cross examination in the gathering room in abnormally odd hour. In spite of the fact that he was educated that he had the choice of leaving back to the prison, one of the agents as a matter of fact affirmed that thedefendant was not accompanied back to the cell (Dominguez 2011). The liberal side would subsequently bolster the respondent and base their choice in light of the fact that his privileges as accommodated in the Fifth Amendment law and the brilliant line test way to deal with Miranda admonitions were abused. The traditionalist side would support Carol Howes, the applicant by turning to the arrangements of Mathis (American Bar Association 10). The traditionalists would embrace Miranda setting explicit test approach for this situation. Hemmes et al (550) sets that this arrangement holds that Miranda rights are appropriate however don't explicitly build up that such people in care be naturally qualified for Miranda alerts each time they are to be grilled away from the general jail populace (Brody and Acker 245). Incomparable Courts Possible Ruling By and large, the Court would receive a liberal choice in its decision. This choice is affected by the arrangement of the Fifth Amendment and the use of the splendid line test way to deal with Miranda rights. Further, the Supreme Court law gives that Miranda rights be given to any detainee expelled from jail populace for cross examination on events outside the jail and where the officials included are unaffiliated with the jail (American Bar Association 18). This privilege was damaged by the applicant. This clarifies why the choice is probably going to be liberal and for the respondent. Genuine belief about the Case In the appeal case including Carol Howes and Randall Fields, I would decide for the respondent. This is on the grounds that the Sixth Circuits Mathis gives that Miranda admonitions must be given at whatever point a law requirement official expels any prisoner from everybody for any custodial cross examinations (Dominguez 2011). Fields was not qualified for the Miranda rights at the hour of his expulsion from the prison. Point of reference and Impact of the Case The point of reference for this situation is established on the general arrangements for Miranda rights. On account of Oregon and Mathiason, 429 U.S. 494 (1977), the court considering Mathis, concluded that Miranda guideline is completely material dependent on the splendid line approach in the settings where cross examination of a detainee happens in a setting ceaselessly from the jail populace (American Bar Association 21). In Oregon versus Mathiason, the Court unequivocally expressed that Miranda rights are truly material where there is limitation on a detainees opportunity and where the cross examination is coercive. This was the equivalent on account of Fields versus Howes. In this regard, the job of gaze decisis will be extremely basic in the Supreme Courts choice for this situation. The Court will likewise depend on the aftereffects of the point of reference case including Rhodes Island versus Innis, 446 U.S. 291, 301 (1980). For this situation, the Court was to choose an issue where there was debate between utilization of splendid line test guideline and the logical test way to deal with Miranda arrangements (Hemmes et al 550). For this situation the Court concluded that the coerciveness of the cross examination condition is a different inquiry from the issue including authority. Therrefore, where the detainee is as of now in authority, the splendid line way to deal with Miranda is relevant in accordance with the arrangements of the Fifth Amendment law that the Supreme Court alludes to in instances of a comparable sort (Brody and Acker 245-246). Thinking about the point of reference and assessing the effect of this case, United States versus Menzer of 1994 could be utilized as a kind of perspective. For this situation, the officials that were doing the cross examinations endeavored to guarantee that the cross examinations were as non-coercive as could reasonably be expected. The detainee was likewise given the alternative to choose whether or not he needed to meet the officials for cross examinations (Brody and Acker 245-246). This is the reason the Court decided for the candidate. On the opposite Fields was not conceded this right. His cross examination was straightforwardly coercive. This clarifies why the Supreme Court must not go on the opposite regarding the point of reference cases and the gaze decisis. The point of reference cases and the job of gaze decisis would be basic in deciding the result of this case. This is on the grounds that on a basic level, the Supreme Court doesn't repudiate itself. The arrangement of Sixth Circuit that holds that standard addressing doesn't require exhortation on the rights would accordingly be overlooked for this situation (American Bar Association 32). Rather, the Court would allude to Mathis and the Fifth Amendment law as the controlling point of reference for this situation. The result of this case would be exceptionally basic particularly as far as setting priority for the future cases including cross examination of detainees and where the Miranda cautioning arrangements are included. In addition, it will be noteworthy particularly considering the way that brilliant line and Miranda setting explicit test approaches have been packed by contrasts in translation in the lower Courts. The choice of the Supreme Court in Fields versus Howes would in this way be utilized as a referent case to manage future decisions in cases including privileges of detainees that are being investigated away from the general jail populace. Pertinence of the Case to Class Learning Context The case is exceptionally applicable to the course content as it includes assurance of infringement of Miranda rights or the nonattendance of the equivalent. It is further intriguing to investigate how this associates with the arrangements of the Fifth Amendment law that aides cases including custodial cross examinations. The Fifth Amendment law strengthens the splendid line test and Miranda standards as it identifies with custodial cross examinations. In this way, appropriate contemplations must be made in order to enable an individual to comprehend and abuse all the benefits that the case settings give. Fields was not ensured this privilege and benefit during his cross examination. The Fifth Amendment law likewise gives that the litigant in a custodial case be made mindful of the option to stay quiet in the cross examination process. This is very relevant for this situation particularly thinking about that Randall Fields was not totally given this right. This is in spite of the reality the Fifth Amendment and the arrangement of Miranda notice and rights defends his privileges since he is in lawful care until he has completely served his ten to multi year sentence. Purchase custom General Introduction to the Case paper

Will attach the assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Will join the task - Essay Example In being within the sight of an illicit substance, I assume the liability of tolerating a sentence. Since this case is the first of a sort for me, I could draw in a prison term of one year. Then again, I could get a fine of 1000 US Dollars. I could incompletely censure numbness for my circumstance. The standards of maryjane allude to owners and vendors. Most young people in the organization of clients of the medication neglects to understand the repercussions attached to vicinity to weed. In certain states, the charges forced on the ownership of pot are less mellow contrasted with charges forced for ownership of different perilous controlled substances like cocaine. In any case, a few appointed authorities specifically examples have regularly forced intense sentences for oblivious first-time guilty parties. The times of individuals associated with the ownership of the medications, the criminal records and the status in the network ought to be considered in deciding commendable sentences or disciplines. When trapped in the ownership of cannabis or relationship with weed clients, questions will undoubtedly emerge. Any police or medication authorization organizations would barrage any first-time guilty party with questions in regards to the lawful outcomes of pot. Law authorities as a rule plot the likely sentences that may come to pass for people if there should be an occurrence of ownership of maryjane. The sentences would likewise be reported to individuals trapped in closeness to cannabis clients. Numerous law authorities work on the presumption that peers who partner have comparable propensities. By the by, the recognition is lost since maryjane clients may have companions who never utilize the medication. In case of ownership or vicinity to pot clients, the law should twist. For individuals who partner with maryjane clients, the disciplines or sentences ought to be gentle. Then again, the police should offer alerts. Judiciously, the police ought to weigh between forcing incorrec tly sentences and adjusting first-time guilty parties more

Must-Read September New Releases

Must-Read September New Releases Keep track of all your most anticipated new releases with the New Release Index, available through Book Riot Insiders! Never fear, our contributors are here to topple your September To-Be-Read stacks with their new release recommendations! Whether we’ve read them and can’t wait to see them on the shelves, or we’ve heard tell of their excellence in the book world and have been (not-so) patiently waiting to get our hot little hands on them, these are the new titles we’re watching our libraries and bookstores for this month. What books are you looking forward to in September? Let us know in the comments below! Liberty Hardy Little Fires Everywhere by Celeste Ng (September 12, Penguin Press): Mia, an artist, and her teen daughter, Pearl, move to a quite Cleveland neighborhood, where they make friends with their landlord, Elena, and her family. But when one of the Elena’s friends attempts to adopt a Chinese-American baby, the custody battle divides the town and Mia and Pearl. Determined to discover why Mia is so upset, Elena delves into Mia’s secret past, but her actions will have devastating consequences. This is a quiet but powerful look at family, secrets, and running from the past. Once again, Ng has delivered a near-perfect novel. Kate Scott Sleeping Beauties by Stephen King (September 26, Scribner): I am not a Stephen King fan. In fact, I have never read one of his books and I’ve never really been all that interested in exploring his work, but the premise of this collaboration between King and his son is too good to pass up. In the world of Sleeping Beauties, women become shrouded in a cocoon-like gauze and go to a better placeâ€"a place without violence or hateâ€"when they go to sleep. But if they are awakened or disturbed, they become feral and violent. One woman, Eve, is immune to the sleeping illness. Left in a world without women, men divide into warring factions. Some want to save Eve; others believe she is a demon that needs to be slain. I’m excited to see how gender and violence are treated in this novel. Jamie Canaves Bluebird, Bluebird by Attica Locke (September 12, Mulholland Books): This is Attica Locke’s best noveland that’s saying something considering all her work is damn goodand top of the list for best mystery of 2017. Bluebird, Bluebird introduces us to Darren Mathews, a black Texas ranger who’s technically on suspension after his trying to help a situation doesn’t go well for him. But technicality of suspension doesn’t stop him from investigating a murder of a black man and a white woman in a small town. Saying his help isn’t wanted is an understatement as the town holds on dearly to its racism and secrets, but Mathews won’t be stopped from finding the truth no matter what his problems are back home or what town members do to him. Locke creates a great mystery, fantastic characters, and places you in Texas in a manner that not only has you feeling the heat slick your skin with sweat but you’ll be thinking about racism and justice long after you’ve closed the book. Jessica Woodbury Sing, Unburied, Sing by Jesmyn Ward (September 5, Scribner): If you’re wondering who will be picking up Toni Morrison’s mantle, Sing, Unburied, Sing makes Jesmyn Ward the obvious choice. A book rooted in real life but possessed by spirits and ghosts, this book feels distinctly modern and part of a long literary tradition. Following a mother and son in Mississippi on their trip to pick up the family’s father from prison, this is a harrowing but hugely rewarding read on race, family, addiction, and poverty that feels urgent and important. Kate Krug Warcross by Marie Lu (September 12, G.P. Putnam’s Sons Books for Young Readers): In a futuristic New York City, teenage hacker, Emika, works as a bounty hunter to make ends meet. When she manages to hack into the virtual reality game and international phenomenon, Warcross, she attracts the attention of its creator, Hideo. She’s hired as a “wildcard” player for the Warcross world championship as a spy. It’s fast-paced, truly imaginative, and features a [bad-ass] East Asian protagonist. The cliffhanger is killer, but worth it. Sarah Nicolas Thunderstruck by Brenda Drake (September 11, Entangled Teen): “A comic-loving teen becomes embroiled in an ancient conflict after she catches the attention of a new student?-the son of the Norse god Thor.” Brenda is an awesome author and is so giving to the author community and I’m so happy for every new book from her! I can’t wait to read her take on Norse mythology. Annika Barranti Klein What Happened by Hillary Rodham Clinton (September 12, Simon Schuster): I will be honest: I am not sure if I will be able to read this book. Hillary’s loss in November is an open wound for me and most of the nation. But it’s vitally important to hear her story in her words. “Now free from the constraints of running, Hillary takes you inside the intense personal experience of becoming the first woman nominated for president by a major party in an election marked by rage, sexism, exhilarating highs and infuriating lows, stranger-than-fiction twists, Russian interference, and an opponent who broke all the rules. This is her most personal memoir yet.” Cindy Butor Tomb of Annihilation by Wizards RPG Team (game design by Chris Perkins, Will Doyle, and Steve Winter with additional design by Adam Lee and story consultation by Pendleton Ward)(September 19, Wizards of the Coast): I am PUMPED that the Dungeons and Dragons module Tomb of Annihilation is coming out on September 19. You’ll get to learn about the death curse, a wasting disease affecting anyone that’s ever been raised before, the Soulmonger, whose occupation is self-evident, and tons of different dinosaurs, undead creatures, new spells, and detail on the land of Chult. There’re going to be so many cool new characters, adventures, and details about the multiverse. I can’t wait! Claire Handscombe The Diary of a Bookseller by Shaun Blythell (September 28, Profile Books): I’ve seen this compared to Love, Nina, which I really enjoyed a few years ago. That book is the diary of a nanny in 1980s London; this one belongs to the owner of Scotland’s biggest second hand bookshop. It’s probably going to be explode my TBR, though, since as well as recounting various adventures in staff wrangling and book discovery, there’s unsurprisingly, a lot of reading recommendations along the way. Jaime Herndon Riot Days by Maria Alyokhina (September 28, Metropolitan/Henry Holt): This is by a Pussy Riot member who was sentenced to two years in jail for her part in their infamous church demonstration. A memoir that pulls back the veil of what it’s like to be someone who speaks out in Putin’s Russia, this is a sobering yet hopeful book that will fortify you during the Resistance. Should be required reading for everyone. Dana Staves Thanks, Obama: My Hopey, Changey White House Years by David Litt (September 19, HarperCollins): David Litt landed one hell of a job after college: a speechwriter for the Obama administration. His memoir, Thanks, Obama, tells us the behind-the-scenes story of White House life (or across the street from the White House, as it happens): political gridlock, big and small wins, moments of awkwardness (usually in front of the POTUS), and a self-awareness about the whole business that is down-to-earth and amusing. This book can also be a bit of a bummer at times, narrating the road to our current political situation, but while Litt must tell the truth of that journey, he also shows us the journey of a young man coming into his own, politically, personally, and professionally. It’s a story of a person doing his work except this work is writing speeches for Barack Obama. Alison Doherty Forest Dark by Nicole Krauss (September 12, Harper): For me there are two categories I sort books into: The History of Love, Nicole Krauss’s last novel, and all other books. It’s my favorite, a book I can and do read again and again and again (in paperback, ebook, and audiobook format). So you can imagine how thrilled I am for this story about the journeys of two unrelated New Yorkers to Israel and their entanglements in creative projects. Bah! I can’t wait. Nikki DeMarco I Hate Everyone But You: A Novel by Gaby Dunn and Allison Raskin (September 5, Wednesday Books): This is an epistolary young adult novel told entirely in text messages and emails between best friends who go to college on opposite sides of the country. I love the idea of this book because instead of a romantic love story, it’s a friendship love story which is often more important. Rebecca Hussey Katalin Street by Magda Szabo, translated by Len Rix (September 12, NYRB Classics): I love the books NYRB Classics puts out, and I’m also eager to read more in translation. Originally published in 1969, this novel tells the story of three families in Budapest whose lives are torn apart by the German occupation of 1944. It sounds like a difficult read, but also an important and memorable one. Eric Smith The End of the World Running Club by Adrian J. Walker (September 5, Sourcebooks): This book came out last year in the U.K., but it’s coming to the U.S. in September, and oh my goodness, I am so excited. I’m currently reading an ARC, and I can already see why it was such a smash across the ocean. It’s a post-apocalyptic novel, which is exactly the kind of story I’m a sucker for, about a man who has to run across the country to reach his wife and child as the world is crumbling around him, and the sky is literally raining down. Because there’s a possibility there are ships that can save him and his family. If he can get there, of course. I’ll probably finish reading this by the time this post goes up. Rachel Manwill An Excess Male by Maggie Shen King (September 12, Harper Voyager): This debut novel a paperback original explores what the terrifying result of China’s One Child Policy could look like, in which everyone has a son and by 2030 25% of all men in their 30s will not have a family of their own. In King’s all-too-real near-future dystopia, 40 million unmarriageable men are fighting to create dowries and improve their position to potential wives. I’m so excited for this take on politics, gender, and authoritarian states, particularly in light of our current Handmaid’s Tale-like reality. Ashlie Swicker Moxie by Jennifer Mathieu (September 19, Roaring Brook Press): Vivian Carter is fed up with the toxic culture in her Texas high school. When she takes inspiration from her mother’s stash of Riot Grrrl zines to make a covert move against the patriarchy, the result is thrilling, but what will happen if her secret is revealed? This book has intersectional feminism, zine-making, female friendships, high school badassery- it comes out just in time for back to school, which feels perfect. Timely and empowering, Moxie is in the running for my fave of 2017 Nicole Brinkley Girls Made of Snow and Glass by Melissa Bashardoust (September 5, Flatiron Books): This feminist fantasy take on Snow White is a must-have for those who love luscious YA retellings. Im halfway through it now, and its absolutely stunning. The story jumps between Snow Whites story in the present world of the book and her stepmothers life at sixteen. (And Snow White is queer!) Im really excited to finish it, and know a lot of you will enjoy it. Tasha Brandstatter A Kiss in Lavender by Laura Florand (September 12, self-published): I’ve never met a Laura Florand book I didn’t like, if not outright love, and according to Florand A Kiss in Lavender is going to be her last novel before she takes an extended sabbatical from writing. The story wraps up her La Vie en Roses series, which centers around a family of perfumiers in Grasse with a history dating back to the Renaissance, and focuses on the most mysterious Rosier of all: Lucien. I’m not as into the perfume books as I am her chef romances, but a new Florand book is always something to look forward to. Can’t wait! Danika Ellis Taste of Marrow (River of Teeth #2) by Sarah Gailey (September 12, TOR): I just finished River of Teeth, and I was blown away by how much I enjoyed it. I was already entirely on board with the idea of an alternate history of a hippo-ridden USAa hippo Western, if you will. Little did I know that the vicious hippos wouldn’t even be my favourite part! I loved the caper, and I especially loved the mostly-queer, mostly-poc cast. One of the main character is nonbinary and uses they/them pronouns! It’s a revelation! I loved this gory romp (did you know hippos can bite a man in two?), and I can’t wait to read the second part of this duology! Priya Sridhar Rebel Seoul by Axie Oh (September 15, Tu Books): Let’s bring on a POC tale with war and ruin to the forefront. A potential combat candidate, Jaewon, wants to prove his worth in the military. He helps a comrade that is being trained into a weapon, with orders to spy on her. I am here for this story, to explore friendship in the time of war, and espionage that can prove heartbreaking. Adiba Jaigirdar They Both Die at the End by Adam Silvera (September 5, HarperTeen): Mateo and Rufus both receive the death-cast alert letting them know that they will die sometime in the next 24 hours. For different reasons, both find themselves alone on their last day. But through the last friend app, Mateo and Rufus find their way to each other in the hopes of having a last day that is worth a lifetime. This was the first novel that I read by Adam Silvera, so I can’t comment on how it differs from what else he has written. I can say that this novel pulls at all of the right heartstrings in all of the right ways. Karina Glaser The Way to Bea by Kat Yeh (September 19, Little, Brown Books for Young Readers): Kat Yeh’s tenderhearted characters are always a thrill to meet, and shy, artistic Beatrix Lee is no exception. After an embarrassing incident at a pool party, Bea finds herself estranged from her longtime best friend. She writes haikus with invisible ink and hides them in a tree, convinced that her friend will find them. In the meantime, a supportive librarian invites Bea to be a part of the school newspaper, and there Bea meets other kids who admire her artistry and encourage Bea to take risks. A sweet middle grade book about being a misfit in middle school, which surely most kids will embrace and find comfort in. Teresa Preston Solar Bones by Mike McCormack (September 12, Soho Press): I’ve been hearing lots of good things about this novel that was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize and is publishing in the U.S. this month. It’s written as a single sentence (or perhaps a series of fragments) in which an Irish man looks back on his life and the world around him. It’s the kind of gimmick that could turn out very badly, but is sublime when it works well. I’m eager to see which way this goes! James Wallace Harris The Hainish Novels and Stories by Ursula K. Le Guin (September 5, Library of America): This elegant two-volume set brings Ursula K. Le Guin’s most famous science fiction novels to the world of literary readers. It is recognition for both Le Guin and science fiction. These beautiful uniform editions are prized by collectors and quite distinctive on bookshelves. Jen Sherman Dawn and the Impossible Three (The Baby-sitters Club Graphix #5) by Ann M. Martin and Gale Galligan (September 26, Graphix): I’ll be honest, I’m a little disappointed that the fifth Baby-sitters club graphic novel isn’t done by Raina Telgemeier, who did the first four BSC graphic novels. BUT from what I’ve seen of this so far, it still looks pretty amazing! The pages I’ve seen have the same fun and whimsical touch that Telgemeier added to the first BSC graphic novels, but with a slightly different style. I can’t wait to get my hands on this and relive my childhood. Kristen McQuinn A Secret History of Witches by Louisa Morgan (September 5, Redhook): A fictional history of five generations of Witches. It starts in Brittany in the 1800s and goes to WWII, where the women may or may not use magic to influence the war. Thats really all I needed to know to be super excited for it to come out! Laura Sackton Don’t Call Us Dead by Danez Smith (September 5, Greywolf Press): I was blown away by Smith’s first poetry collection, [Insert] Boy. Smith writes about being black and queer in America, and their poems are searing and gorgeous, heartbreaking and celebratory, and deeply relevant. In Don’t Call Us Dead, Smith’s poems range from explorations of desire, embodiment, and being HIV positive, to an imagined afterlife for black men killed by police. I know it’s going to be a book I can’t put down even when it hurts to read. If, like me, you can’t wait for September 5th, check out Danez Smith performing poems on YouTube and prepare to be awed. Katisha Smith Reset by Ellen Pao (September 19, Spiegel Grau): In 2015, Ellen Pao sued a Silicon Valley venture capital firm for workplace discrimination and retaliation against women and other underrepresented groups. The suit rocked the tech world and exposed its toxic culture. Although she lost her suit, she won public support and Time hailed her as “the face of change.” Reset tells Pao’s full story for the first time. Maureen Stinger Spliced by Jon McGoran (September 5, Holiday House): I’ll read pretty much anything Science Fiction, anything about fighting oppression, and anything YA, and this SciFi YA thriller about humans going to back-alley geneticists to have animal DNA spliced into theirs does not disappoint. If you are born human, but you become a chimera, are you still a person? The book is told from the POV of Jimi, a teenage girl whose best friend Del is obsessed with becoming a chimera in an environment where legislators and religious leaders are waging campaigns against them. McGoran keeps you hooked from the start. Michelle Hart Kiss Me Someone: Stories by Karen Shepard (September 12, Tin House Books): The stories in Karen Shepard’s collection, Kiss Me Someone, are absolutely brutal and would probably be too tough to get through if the prose wasn’t as gorgeous as it is. Many of the stories here deal with horrifying subjectsâ€"rape, incestâ€"but Shepard treats them with a deft hand. She is also unafraid to let her female characters be unlikable; one of the most interesting things about the collection is that it works towards a grand unified theory of female meanness, a kind of malice that is wholly intrinsic to women. If you read just one story from this collection, make it “Girls Only,” a story about bridesmaids who have been friends since college, when they all witnessed the sexual assault of the bride-to-be and did and said nothing. Margaret Kingsbury The Dollmaker of Krakow by R.M. Romero (September 12, Delacorte Press): I love the fairytale premise of this middle grade novel. A doll is whisked away from her homea home with magic and kings and queensto Krakow, where she meets and befriends a dollmaker. And then Nazi soldiers invade. It has that mix of quirk and darkness and beauty that I love so much about fairy tales, and it’s both reminiscent of other fairytale classics while still seeming absolutely unique. And the cover is beautiful! Definitely a book I want in print. Kim Ukura Bored and Brilliant by Manoush Zomorodi (September 5, St. Martins Press): In 2015, listeners of Manoush Zomorodi’s Note to Self (then called New Tech City) podcast were led through an exercise in assessing their technology habits, unplugging from their devices, and fostering their creativity. Bored and Brilliant takes the lessons of that experiment and expands on them, looking at ways to rethink how we use our devices and what lives of constant entertainment and connection can be for creative thinking. I remember listening to the original podcast experiment, and the ways it helped me look more closely at my technology use. I’m excited to revisit those ideas in the book. Deepali Agarwal Upcountry Tales: Once Upon a Time in the Heart of India by Mark Tully (September 16, Speaking Tiger, India Release Date): This is a collection of fictional stories set in the India before the economic liberalization of 1991: tales of “unlikely rebels, delightful pragmatists, bunglers and bumblers, quiet heroesâ€"finding ways to deal with bad governance, corruption and social hierarchies.” I am looking forward to this enticing swirl of fable, folklore and journalism, something Mark Tully does well. The chosen setting of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India is especially interesting, given the current tumultuous political scenario here, where the issues can very efficiently be categorized under “bad governance, corruption and social hierarchies”, and call for a hard look into history. Tiffany D’Abate The Origin of Others by Toni Morrison (September 18, Harvard University Press): Toni Morrison’s Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination was one of the cornerstones of my literary criticism education, so I’m excited to see she has another nonfiction work, The Origin of Others, out in September. Part essay, part memoir, and part literary criticism, this work focuses primarily on race and how it informs the way we view ourselves, and more significantly, others. And although Ms. Morrison needs no introduction, The Origin of Others will also include a foreword by Ta-Nehisi Coates. Trisha Brown Autoboyography by Christina Lauren (September 12, Simon Schuster Books for Young Readers): I don’t read all the YA, but this is right up my alley: Tanner is a bisexual high-school senior living in Provo, UT, a city that’s heavily Mormon. That LDS population includes Sebastian, a recent Provo High grad who comes back to mentor Tanner’s writing seminar and with whom Tanner falls quickly and completely in love. There’s a lot to balance in this story even when it isn’t fair that they should have to do so, characters are pushed to choose and prioritize among all of the most foundational people in and parts of their lives. These are writers (Christina Lauren is actually two people) who are experts at diffusing tension with humor, though, and despite the importance and sensitivity of the topics, the gravity of Autoboyography keeps the stakes high without weighing the story down. Save

Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1393 Words

To understand the controversy about marijuana, it is helpful to first look at its history. Marijuana (or Cannabis as it was originally known) has been found as far back as the 3rd millennium BC in burial sites in Romania. Over the centuries it has been found to have been used for medicinal purposes in China and other countries, as well as for religious and spiritual ceremonies in many different countries. Cannabis was brought to America in the early years, grown as a crop, and used medicinally. In the early 1900s, along with prohibition of alcohol, the attitude about the use of cannabis started to change for many people. On the other hand, the U.S. pharmaceutical farms were expanding production and by 1918 were growing 60,000 pounds†¦show more content†¦Four states have legalized recreational marijuana in certain quantities. Twenty states have decriminalized marijuana, generally making it a minor traffic violation for first time offenders. The federal government has st ated that it will not override what the states have passed, but it is still considered illegal. I believe that marijuana should be legalized by the federal government so the medical benefits can be expanded and regulated, to reduce and redirect prison and law enforcement resources, and for the economic benefits it will create. We know there are numerous medical benefits of marijuana, but others are uncharted territory since only limited research can be done on an illegal drug. We also know the therapeutic effects of marijuana are based on science. Marijuana contains 60 active ingredients known as cannabinoids (Zimmermann). The primary one is THC which targets the CB1 receptor in the brain, liver, kidneys, lung, and nervous system. The CB1 receptor helps the person handle pain. In fact, the FDA has approved two chemically altered forms of THC that are used for nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Another cannabinoid is CBD which reduces pain and inflammation, has been shown to control epileptic seizures, and may even be a treatment for mental illness and addition. Recent animal studies of THC and CBD show that it may help kill

Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment - 2310 Words

Dependency of a Boxer’s Win rate on Reach and Gender Antonio Paolo Gomez Candidate No. 003902-006 Northbridge International School Cambodia Math Studies Internal Assessment Word Count: 1655 Statement of Task 3 Plan 3 Data 4 Math Processes 5 Simple math processes: 5 Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient r: 7 Chi-Square 8 Discussion/Validity 10 Conclusion 10 Works Cited 11 Statement of Task Boxing is a very well known sport around the world, where two disciplined athletes face off in a ring, trading blows until one of them submits or until judges decide a winner. The sport revolves around throwing blows with their fists, and to organize said athletes, their characteristics are measured, and their accomplishments are recorded. Before†¦show more content†¦We can see a bigger difference between the reach of the two genders but this would most likely be because men tend to grow and develop their bodies naturally larger than women. Standard Deviation: Reach: Males: Sx=170-185.872+173-185.872+183-185.872+194-185.872†¦180-185.87215 Sx=10.626 Females: Sx=165-1662+161-1662+167-1662+166-1662+162-1662†¦169-166215 Sx=4.163 Both Genders: Sx=170-175.932+173-175.932+183-175.932+194-175.932†¦169-175.93230 Sx=12.798 We are able to see that the standard deviation is greater for the male boxers female boxers. We can assume that the pieces of data from the men are spread farther from the mean as compared to the data from the women. This means that in regards to the data collected, female boxers seem to be closer in their measured reach as compared to the males. The standard deviation for both groups surpasses the calculated standard deviation for the separate male and female groups, meaning that as a whole range of data, the reachesShow MoreRelatedIb Math Sl Type Ii Ia1192 Words   |  5 PagesLacsap’s Fractions IB Math SL Internal Assessment Paper 1 Lacsap’s Fractions Lacsap is Pascal spelled backward. Therefore, Pascal’s Triangle can be used practically especially with this diagram. (Diagram 1) This diagram is of Pascal’s Triangle and shows the relationship of the row number, n, and the diagonal columns, r. This is evident in Lacsap’s Fractions as well, and can be used to help understand some of the following questions. Solutions Describe how to findRead MoreMath Ia2156 Words   |  9 Pages IB Math Studies Internal Assessment: What is the Relationship between SAT Scores and Family Income of the Test Takers around the World? Exam Session: May 2011 School name: International School Bangkok Teacher: Mr. Demille Date: December 8th, 2010 Course: IB Math Studies Word Count: 1,832 Name: Billy Egnehall What is the Relationship between SAT Scores and Family Income of the Test Takers around the World? Introduction The SAT examination is mostly in today’s world of academics, a requirementRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pageslearned [8.3.3.4] 9.4.2.2 Individual performance appraisals Chapter 7 Managing Risk Chapter 15 Chapter 16 International Projects Oversight 11.1 Risk management process [F.8] 11.2 Identifying risks 11.3.2.2 Impact matrix 11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4.4 Project offices 8.1.2 Continuous improvement 5.1 Requirements vs. actual [5.3] Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesabout what accounting should be. In response, users of accounting information, management accounting professionals, and system designers may seek to alter the information provided within their organizations to align with such ideals. In this sense, internal accounting changes may be driven by demand-level needs as well as supply-side inXuences. Moreover, forces reXecting broader changes both in structures and processes in businesses, organizations, and society and in contemporary ideas and discourses

Repressive Patriarchs of Jane Eyre Free Essays

string(124) " first introduction immediately shown his hypocrisy by Bronte until a little later in the novel when Jane is at his school\." â€Å"The men in the novel are all repressive patriarchs. For them, male supremacy must be absolute. † In the light of this comment, discuss Bronte’s presentation of male characters in ‘Jane Eyre’. We will write a custom essay sample on Repressive Patriarchs of Jane Eyre or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the novel of Jane Eyre, there seems to be a common sense of patriarchal dominance, as possessed by the male characters. Bronte shows male supremacy through four key characters that Jane encounters throughout her life. Each character differs hugely, though this sense of a higher and more powerful individual, over Jane, remains prevalent in each – they are all repressive patriarchs in some way, though of varying magnitudes. The Victorian society was a completely different society to the one we live in now and it was well-known to be male-dominated and one in which women had almost no rights at all. The fact that Bronte wrote Jane Eyre during this period in time is clearly reflected in the male characters in the novel. It is evident that Bronte herself may have experienced or been put in some of the situations that she portrays Jane to be in by some oppressive male character in her own life. Nevertheless, it is seen that these characters do change as the novel progresses as Bronte seems to give them a chance to withdraw themselves as a repressive force, and show a little more consideration and compassion towards others and women in particular. John Reed is the first of Bronte’s repressive patriarchs in the novel. He is placed at the beginning of the novel and is introduced to us almost immediately. He is in fact the very first oppressive force to Jane in her life and in this way is very significant. At first, John does not seem to be a huge threat to Jane, merely branding her a â€Å"bad animal† and a â€Å"rat†. This juvenile name-calling behaviour, as expressed by John, is still oppressive in that he uses these names to assert a higher power over Jane, subsequent to pronouncing all the books in the house as his property. He reminds Jane that she is in a highly precarious position in society and that she has no class due to the fact that she is living with them. She is classified as â€Å"less than a servant† according to him because she does â€Å"nothing for [her] keep†. John taunts Jane proclaiming that she â€Å"ought to beg† to even live. He continuously reminds Jane that she is a â€Å"dependent†; somewhat indicating that she is dependent on him due to the fact that he is the only male in the household, and therefore the master by birth. Furthermore, John demands obedience of Jane, even though he is only but four years older than her. He exercises what he feels is his power as a male over her physically, as can be seen when he hits Jane with a book as the â€Å"volume was flung†. This physical abuse is indicative of Bronte expressing that John Reed believes that male supremacy must be absolute. The regularity of his bullying as a demand for obedience of Jane, not â€Å"once or twice in a day, but continually† is also characteristic of a repressive patriarch who would feel more secure in continuous rather than periodic abuse. John Reed’s appearance may even be said to be one of a typical oppressive male character. Being â€Å"large and stout† with â€Å"heavy limbs and large extremities† indicate that he is quite a large boy for his age and automatically an intimidating individual. His actions towards Jane are also somewhat animalistic such as â€Å"thrusting out his tongue at [her] as far as he could without damaging the roots†, suggesting his belief in a primal sense of alpha male dominance over a shrewdness of apes. He is quite grotesque as well and he does not just exert his power over Jane, but he â€Å"twisted the necks of the pigeons, [and] killed the little pea-chicks. † It is clear that Bronte is extremely disgusted with his manner of indulging in animal cruelty as a means to show his masculinity. John is also disagreeable towards his mother and acts without respect towards her, emphasising his belief that he is of a higher status than all women, not just Jane. He â€Å"called his mother ‘old girl’ too; sometimes reviled her for her dark skin, similar to his own; bluntly disregarded her wishes, [and] not infrequently tore and spoiled her silk attire. † These aspects of John Reed, with no doubt, express Bronte’s strong feelings about the fact that all men thought that they were superior to a woman. Her disapproval and abhorrence of male supremacy is clear. Mr Brocklehurst is the second tormenting force that Jane is exposed to in her life. He differs to John Reed in the fact that whilst John Reed is a form of physical oppression towards Jane, Brocklehurst is a form of religious oppression. Nevertheless, both of the two characters are similar in appearance as can be seen by Bronte’s description of them, reinforcing this idea that male characters of oppression have a certain appearance to express their power. When Jane first meets Brocklehurst, the first description she ever gives him is one with negative connotations – â€Å"a black pillar† that was â€Å"standing erect on the rug; the grim face at the top was like a carved mask, placed above the shaft by way of capital. Immediately we are given the sense that he is an imposing and unbending character who is just plain frightening, especially to a young Jane. Brocklehurst seems to be a gothic villain in a sense and as a â€Å"stony stranger†, the sibilance emphasises the fact that he is extremely unapproachable, hard and unforgiving. Bronte also gives Brocklehurst a â€Å"bass voice† which emphasises his masculinity, as well as large features that are â€Å"harsh and prim† to highlight his unyielding disposition. We soon find out that Brocklehurst is in fact a religious hypocrite who uses religion as a vehicle for his repressive force that he exerts on the pupils at his school. However, we are not on first introduction immediately shown his hypocrisy by Bronte until a little later in the novel when Jane is at his school. You read "Repressive Patriarchs of Jane Eyre" in category "Essay examples" Upon Jane and Brocklehurst’s first meeting, he pointedly asks Jane if she should like to â€Å"fall into that pit [full of fire] and be burning there for ever†. In an oppressive manner, Brocklehurst uses these implications of hell as such to scare and terrify Jane into obedience. If we read into Brocklehurst’s language, his hypocrisy is revealed to us. He states to Jane that she would burn in hell â€Å"for ever. † The fact that he says â€Å"for ever† is key in that he particularly twists the Christian ideas. When he mentions hell to Jane he ignores a key Christian idea that you may be saved from hell in an effort to frighten her into submission. Brocklehurst does not know for a fact that Jane will go to hell, but he is threatening her with the idea of hell, as he does with all the girls at Lowood School. Bronte writes the first conversation between Brocklehurst in a way that puts our sympathies, as a reader, with Jane. You must pray to God to change it: to give you a new and clean one: to take away your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh† was the advice given to Jane by Brocklehurst – this is ironic in that Brocklehurst is described by Bronte as being â€Å"stony† himself, emphasising Bronte’s effort to sway the audience’s opinions to side with Jane. At Lowood, Brocklehurst firmly preaches the idea that God wants women to devote themselves to domesticity in order to please Him. He states that â€Å"humility is a Christian grace and one peculiarly appropriate to the pupils of Lowood† and that he brings the girls up in a way so as to cultivate this. Brocklehurst reveals his own hypocrisy and effectively shoots himself in the foot and shows that he clearly does not practice what he preaches with his own children when he tells the story of his daughter Augusta and her trip to Lowood. Augusta comments on â€Å"how quiet and plain all the girls at Lowood look†, â€Å"almost like poor people’s children†, in comparison to herself in a â€Å"silk gown. † Augusta and her sisters also actually arrive at Lowood, as seen by Jane, in velvet shawls, ostrich plume and such. In this way, Bronte shows her belief that Brocklehurst is all that is wrong with the males of Victorian society as well as many of the rich people who also state that â€Å"consistency, is the first of Christian duties†, without fully committing and believing in what they say themselves. Brocklehurst is in fact an extremely inconsistent person in his day to day life. Mr Brocklehurst is a representation of what Bronte believes is wrong with society and its males with regards to religious oppression, as John Reed is a representation of her beliefs with regard to males in society with regards to physical oppression. In a stark contrast to Mr Brocklehurst is St John Rivers, who is in fact a non-stereotypical patriarch. He is a contrast to Brocklehurst because he firmly does not believe that women like Jane should dedicate and devote themselves to domesticity but instead to God. Brocklehurst is also a hypocrite in this way as he should be preaching the idea of devotion to God but instead teaches his pupils to devote themselves to domesticity. However, there are also some ways in which St John is similar to Brocklehurst, and there is a key link between them in their ideologies. St John has extremely congruent ideologies; however he is not a hypocrite, unlike Brocklehurst. It is important to mention that St John is an aesthetic model, an extremely problematic one at that. He is constantly living for his ideals and with his perfectionist nature, these ideals are almost unattainable. He is deeply religious and self-sacrificing when it comes to fulfilling his religious duties, and in this way, he tries forcefully to get Jane to comply with his approach to life and to go to India with him. To get her to come with him and marry him, he uses language such as â€Å"a part of me you must become†, asserting his authority and power as a male over her. He seems to be sacrificing of both Jane’s happiness and health for others, but he applies this to himself as well. St John attempts to dictate Jane’s life in that he seemingly wants her to reject his job offer as a school mistress for village children. He wants her to hold this job for a while but not permanently as he believes that she â€Å"cannot be content to pass [her] leisure in solitude, and to devote [her] working hours to a monotonous labour† in a place where her skills are made useless. He acknowledges that Jane is destined by God to do greater things, and though he may be wrong, he seems to be hinting to her this fact and that she is fit for a missionary’s wife, in what could be seen as a passive oppressive act. St John is also deeply unhappy with the fact that all Jane seems to want is a happy family life and would use all her money that she inherited to secure it. At Christmas, she is set on revelling in domesticity and St John is very much bothered and despairing of this and tries to convince her to become more like him, albeit in a repressive manner. I excuse you for the present: two months’ grace I allow you for the full enjoyment of your new position† – in this authoritative language St John displays that he does not want Jane to remain the position that she is in and to â€Å"begin to look beyond Moor House and Morton†¦ and the selfish calm and sensual comfort of civilised affluence. † He wants Jane to sacrifice herself to God and I believe that in this way St John is more dangerous than Brocklehurst because he can is oppressive with reason, and he is not a hypocrite and willing to do all he preaches. I have decided to leave discussion of Mr Rochester to the end as I believe that he is by far the most complicated of the male characters throughout the novel, due to the fact that he undergoes a change in which he becomes less of a repressive patriarch and therefore a more suitable husband for Jane. The character at the beginning of the novel is vastly different to the Rochester that we see at the end, in more ways than one. However, the change in his oppressive nature towards Jane is especially significant. Jane did meet Rochester by chance, but even though he did not know who she was, he was still oppressive and authoritative towards her. He commands her to lead him his horse and when she is unable, he states that â€Å"necessity compels [him] to make [her] useful†, laying a heavy hand on her shoulder which is a significant action that demonstrates his sense of authority. This attitude becomes less apparent as he gets to know her though further into their relationship, this dominant side of him reappears as he seemingly tries to force her to stay with him, though deep down he knows he cannot keep her. Jane feels that she is equal to Rochester as he is the first male not to out rightly exercise and force his patriarchal dominance over her. Jane is comfortable to speak out and give her opinion directly, though this is only after he asks. She pointedly states that she does not think that he has â€Å"a right to command [her] merely because [he] is older that her† and in this way she has stated that the fact that he is male also does not play a part, though she does not actually say this. However, as their relationship progresses, this equality is warped and some of it is lost as Rochester seemingly becomes more desperate to have Jane for himself. This gradual increase in commands directed at Jane can be seen when Jane asks to leave him to see Mrs Reed. He commands her to â€Å"promise [him] one thing†, that being â€Å"not to advertise: and to trust this quest of a situation to me. I’ll find you one in time. † His desperation for her to come back as soon as possible is evident in the fact that he orders her not to advertise so that she will definitely come back to him. When Jane tries to leave Rochester for good, upon finding out that he does indeed have a wife, in the form of Bertha Mason, Rochester threatens violence in order to get her to stay. He is desperate to get through to her and to convince her to stay and it is interesting that he seems to want to resort to this. The fact that he threatens this shows us that he is at an end and this is what a male character would do in order to get someone to comply with their wishes. Rochester is interesting in that he does try to give Jane a lot of freedom as a woman to do as she wishes, and is comfortable being an equal with her, but when it comes down to it, he always finally resorts to his dominance as a male. Jane, however, does finally return to Rochester at the end of the novel. She makes her way back to Thornfield only to find it burned to the ground and she seeks out Rochester whom she finds disabled following the great fire started by Bertha. This loss of an arm and his sight his key to making Rochester a suitable husband for Jane. The disability means that Rochester is now physically an equal to Jane, and does not have to suppress his opinions and will never have the opportunity to be dominant over her any more. Before he was disabled, Rochester never exercised his power over Jane, out of choice, this disability means that even if he wanted and chose to utilise his male dominance over her, he cannot. The fact that Bronte decides to take away from Rochester so that he becomes less oppressive is interesting. She seems to be giving Jane a chance to have power in the Victorian society that she lives in, possibly reflecting a wish for herself as a woman. Not all the male characters of Jane Eyre are always patriarchal and some, like Rochester, choose not to exercise their power over the woman. It is important to note that all the characters do it in different ways: physical, religious and only in desperation. However, the distressing reality that Bronte is trying to express is that the majority of the men in society do believe in absolute male supremacy. Nevertheless, she does give the example of Mrs Reed as a female oppressor who demands submission of Jane as a child, and took revenge when not obeyed. I believe that Bronte wanted the male characters to be a strong repressive force so as to reflect her feelings of society and the imbalance between the males and females. It is possible that Bronte was trying to send a message to society through this novel in an effort to provoke a change in society, which would have been met with dispute from male readers and agreement from a female audience. How to cite Repressive Patriarchs of Jane Eyre, Essay examples

Repressive Patriarchs of Jane Eyre Free Essays

string(124) " first introduction immediately shown his hypocrisy by Bronte until a little later in the novel when Jane is at his school\." â€Å"The men in the novel are all repressive patriarchs. For them, male supremacy must be absolute. † In the light of this comment, discuss Bronte’s presentation of male characters in ‘Jane Eyre’. We will write a custom essay sample on Repressive Patriarchs of Jane Eyre or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the novel of Jane Eyre, there seems to be a common sense of patriarchal dominance, as possessed by the male characters. Bronte shows male supremacy through four key characters that Jane encounters throughout her life. Each character differs hugely, though this sense of a higher and more powerful individual, over Jane, remains prevalent in each – they are all repressive patriarchs in some way, though of varying magnitudes. The Victorian society was a completely different society to the one we live in now and it was well-known to be male-dominated and one in which women had almost no rights at all. The fact that Bronte wrote Jane Eyre during this period in time is clearly reflected in the male characters in the novel. It is evident that Bronte herself may have experienced or been put in some of the situations that she portrays Jane to be in by some oppressive male character in her own life. Nevertheless, it is seen that these characters do change as the novel progresses as Bronte seems to give them a chance to withdraw themselves as a repressive force, and show a little more consideration and compassion towards others and women in particular. John Reed is the first of Bronte’s repressive patriarchs in the novel. He is placed at the beginning of the novel and is introduced to us almost immediately. He is in fact the very first oppressive force to Jane in her life and in this way is very significant. At first, John does not seem to be a huge threat to Jane, merely branding her a â€Å"bad animal† and a â€Å"rat†. This juvenile name-calling behaviour, as expressed by John, is still oppressive in that he uses these names to assert a higher power over Jane, subsequent to pronouncing all the books in the house as his property. He reminds Jane that she is in a highly precarious position in society and that she has no class due to the fact that she is living with them. She is classified as â€Å"less than a servant† according to him because she does â€Å"nothing for [her] keep†. John taunts Jane proclaiming that she â€Å"ought to beg† to even live. He continuously reminds Jane that she is a â€Å"dependent†; somewhat indicating that she is dependent on him due to the fact that he is the only male in the household, and therefore the master by birth. Furthermore, John demands obedience of Jane, even though he is only but four years older than her. He exercises what he feels is his power as a male over her physically, as can be seen when he hits Jane with a book as the â€Å"volume was flung†. This physical abuse is indicative of Bronte expressing that John Reed believes that male supremacy must be absolute. The regularity of his bullying as a demand for obedience of Jane, not â€Å"once or twice in a day, but continually† is also characteristic of a repressive patriarch who would feel more secure in continuous rather than periodic abuse. John Reed’s appearance may even be said to be one of a typical oppressive male character. Being â€Å"large and stout† with â€Å"heavy limbs and large extremities† indicate that he is quite a large boy for his age and automatically an intimidating individual. His actions towards Jane are also somewhat animalistic such as â€Å"thrusting out his tongue at [her] as far as he could without damaging the roots†, suggesting his belief in a primal sense of alpha male dominance over a shrewdness of apes. He is quite grotesque as well and he does not just exert his power over Jane, but he â€Å"twisted the necks of the pigeons, [and] killed the little pea-chicks. † It is clear that Bronte is extremely disgusted with his manner of indulging in animal cruelty as a means to show his masculinity. John is also disagreeable towards his mother and acts without respect towards her, emphasising his belief that he is of a higher status than all women, not just Jane. He â€Å"called his mother ‘old girl’ too; sometimes reviled her for her dark skin, similar to his own; bluntly disregarded her wishes, [and] not infrequently tore and spoiled her silk attire. † These aspects of John Reed, with no doubt, express Bronte’s strong feelings about the fact that all men thought that they were superior to a woman. Her disapproval and abhorrence of male supremacy is clear. Mr Brocklehurst is the second tormenting force that Jane is exposed to in her life. He differs to John Reed in the fact that whilst John Reed is a form of physical oppression towards Jane, Brocklehurst is a form of religious oppression. Nevertheless, both of the two characters are similar in appearance as can be seen by Bronte’s description of them, reinforcing this idea that male characters of oppression have a certain appearance to express their power. When Jane first meets Brocklehurst, the first description she ever gives him is one with negative connotations – â€Å"a black pillar† that was â€Å"standing erect on the rug; the grim face at the top was like a carved mask, placed above the shaft by way of capital. Immediately we are given the sense that he is an imposing and unbending character who is just plain frightening, especially to a young Jane. Brocklehurst seems to be a gothic villain in a sense and as a â€Å"stony stranger†, the sibilance emphasises the fact that he is extremely unapproachable, hard and unforgiving. Bronte also gives Brocklehurst a â€Å"bass voice† which emphasises his masculinity, as well as large features that are â€Å"harsh and prim† to highlight his unyielding disposition. We soon find out that Brocklehurst is in fact a religious hypocrite who uses religion as a vehicle for his repressive force that he exerts on the pupils at his school. However, we are not on first introduction immediately shown his hypocrisy by Bronte until a little later in the novel when Jane is at his school. You read "Repressive Patriarchs of Jane Eyre" in category "Essay examples" Upon Jane and Brocklehurst’s first meeting, he pointedly asks Jane if she should like to â€Å"fall into that pit [full of fire] and be burning there for ever†. In an oppressive manner, Brocklehurst uses these implications of hell as such to scare and terrify Jane into obedience. If we read into Brocklehurst’s language, his hypocrisy is revealed to us. He states to Jane that she would burn in hell â€Å"for ever. † The fact that he says â€Å"for ever† is key in that he particularly twists the Christian ideas. When he mentions hell to Jane he ignores a key Christian idea that you may be saved from hell in an effort to frighten her into submission. Brocklehurst does not know for a fact that Jane will go to hell, but he is threatening her with the idea of hell, as he does with all the girls at Lowood School. Bronte writes the first conversation between Brocklehurst in a way that puts our sympathies, as a reader, with Jane. You must pray to God to change it: to give you a new and clean one: to take away your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh† was the advice given to Jane by Brocklehurst – this is ironic in that Brocklehurst is described by Bronte as being â€Å"stony† himself, emphasising Bronte’s effort to sway the audience’s opinions to side with Jane. At Lowood, Brocklehurst firmly preaches the idea that God wants women to devote themselves to domesticity in order to please Him. He states that â€Å"humility is a Christian grace and one peculiarly appropriate to the pupils of Lowood† and that he brings the girls up in a way so as to cultivate this. Brocklehurst reveals his own hypocrisy and effectively shoots himself in the foot and shows that he clearly does not practice what he preaches with his own children when he tells the story of his daughter Augusta and her trip to Lowood. Augusta comments on â€Å"how quiet and plain all the girls at Lowood look†, â€Å"almost like poor people’s children†, in comparison to herself in a â€Å"silk gown. † Augusta and her sisters also actually arrive at Lowood, as seen by Jane, in velvet shawls, ostrich plume and such. In this way, Bronte shows her belief that Brocklehurst is all that is wrong with the males of Victorian society as well as many of the rich people who also state that â€Å"consistency, is the first of Christian duties†, without fully committing and believing in what they say themselves. Brocklehurst is in fact an extremely inconsistent person in his day to day life. Mr Brocklehurst is a representation of what Bronte believes is wrong with society and its males with regards to religious oppression, as John Reed is a representation of her beliefs with regard to males in society with regards to physical oppression. In a stark contrast to Mr Brocklehurst is St John Rivers, who is in fact a non-stereotypical patriarch. He is a contrast to Brocklehurst because he firmly does not believe that women like Jane should dedicate and devote themselves to domesticity but instead to God. Brocklehurst is also a hypocrite in this way as he should be preaching the idea of devotion to God but instead teaches his pupils to devote themselves to domesticity. However, there are also some ways in which St John is similar to Brocklehurst, and there is a key link between them in their ideologies. St John has extremely congruent ideologies; however he is not a hypocrite, unlike Brocklehurst. It is important to mention that St John is an aesthetic model, an extremely problematic one at that. He is constantly living for his ideals and with his perfectionist nature, these ideals are almost unattainable. He is deeply religious and self-sacrificing when it comes to fulfilling his religious duties, and in this way, he tries forcefully to get Jane to comply with his approach to life and to go to India with him. To get her to come with him and marry him, he uses language such as â€Å"a part of me you must become†, asserting his authority and power as a male over her. He seems to be sacrificing of both Jane’s happiness and health for others, but he applies this to himself as well. St John attempts to dictate Jane’s life in that he seemingly wants her to reject his job offer as a school mistress for village children. He wants her to hold this job for a while but not permanently as he believes that she â€Å"cannot be content to pass [her] leisure in solitude, and to devote [her] working hours to a monotonous labour† in a place where her skills are made useless. He acknowledges that Jane is destined by God to do greater things, and though he may be wrong, he seems to be hinting to her this fact and that she is fit for a missionary’s wife, in what could be seen as a passive oppressive act. St John is also deeply unhappy with the fact that all Jane seems to want is a happy family life and would use all her money that she inherited to secure it. At Christmas, she is set on revelling in domesticity and St John is very much bothered and despairing of this and tries to convince her to become more like him, albeit in a repressive manner. I excuse you for the present: two months’ grace I allow you for the full enjoyment of your new position† – in this authoritative language St John displays that he does not want Jane to remain the position that she is in and to â€Å"begin to look beyond Moor House and Morton†¦ and the selfish calm and sensual comfort of civilised affluence. † He wants Jane to sacrifice herself to God and I believe that in this way St John is more dangerous than Brocklehurst because he can is oppressive with reason, and he is not a hypocrite and willing to do all he preaches. I have decided to leave discussion of Mr Rochester to the end as I believe that he is by far the most complicated of the male characters throughout the novel, due to the fact that he undergoes a change in which he becomes less of a repressive patriarch and therefore a more suitable husband for Jane. The character at the beginning of the novel is vastly different to the Rochester that we see at the end, in more ways than one. However, the change in his oppressive nature towards Jane is especially significant. Jane did meet Rochester by chance, but even though he did not know who she was, he was still oppressive and authoritative towards her. He commands her to lead him his horse and when she is unable, he states that â€Å"necessity compels [him] to make [her] useful†, laying a heavy hand on her shoulder which is a significant action that demonstrates his sense of authority. This attitude becomes less apparent as he gets to know her though further into their relationship, this dominant side of him reappears as he seemingly tries to force her to stay with him, though deep down he knows he cannot keep her. Jane feels that she is equal to Rochester as he is the first male not to out rightly exercise and force his patriarchal dominance over her. Jane is comfortable to speak out and give her opinion directly, though this is only after he asks. She pointedly states that she does not think that he has â€Å"a right to command [her] merely because [he] is older that her† and in this way she has stated that the fact that he is male also does not play a part, though she does not actually say this. However, as their relationship progresses, this equality is warped and some of it is lost as Rochester seemingly becomes more desperate to have Jane for himself. This gradual increase in commands directed at Jane can be seen when Jane asks to leave him to see Mrs Reed. He commands her to â€Å"promise [him] one thing†, that being â€Å"not to advertise: and to trust this quest of a situation to me. I’ll find you one in time. † His desperation for her to come back as soon as possible is evident in the fact that he orders her not to advertise so that she will definitely come back to him. When Jane tries to leave Rochester for good, upon finding out that he does indeed have a wife, in the form of Bertha Mason, Rochester threatens violence in order to get her to stay. He is desperate to get through to her and to convince her to stay and it is interesting that he seems to want to resort to this. The fact that he threatens this shows us that he is at an end and this is what a male character would do in order to get someone to comply with their wishes. Rochester is interesting in that he does try to give Jane a lot of freedom as a woman to do as she wishes, and is comfortable being an equal with her, but when it comes down to it, he always finally resorts to his dominance as a male. Jane, however, does finally return to Rochester at the end of the novel. She makes her way back to Thornfield only to find it burned to the ground and she seeks out Rochester whom she finds disabled following the great fire started by Bertha. This loss of an arm and his sight his key to making Rochester a suitable husband for Jane. The disability means that Rochester is now physically an equal to Jane, and does not have to suppress his opinions and will never have the opportunity to be dominant over her any more. Before he was disabled, Rochester never exercised his power over Jane, out of choice, this disability means that even if he wanted and chose to utilise his male dominance over her, he cannot. The fact that Bronte decides to take away from Rochester so that he becomes less oppressive is interesting. She seems to be giving Jane a chance to have power in the Victorian society that she lives in, possibly reflecting a wish for herself as a woman. Not all the male characters of Jane Eyre are always patriarchal and some, like Rochester, choose not to exercise their power over the woman. It is important to note that all the characters do it in different ways: physical, religious and only in desperation. However, the distressing reality that Bronte is trying to express is that the majority of the men in society do believe in absolute male supremacy. Nevertheless, she does give the example of Mrs Reed as a female oppressor who demands submission of Jane as a child, and took revenge when not obeyed. I believe that Bronte wanted the male characters to be a strong repressive force so as to reflect her feelings of society and the imbalance between the males and females. It is possible that Bronte was trying to send a message to society through this novel in an effort to provoke a change in society, which would have been met with dispute from male readers and agreement from a female audience. How to cite Repressive Patriarchs of Jane Eyre, Essay examples